1、分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果（補充說明）、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語時，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當于一個狀語從句。
① Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
② Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
③ The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
④ Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
⑤He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.
2、分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關系：主謂關系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關系用過去分詞。
① Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (we don't have enough hands)
② Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)
③ Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.
3、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)＋分詞”結構，現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時，有時可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。例如：
① When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
② While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.
分詞作定語時，單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動作的名詞(與名詞有主謂關系)，過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(與名詞是動賓關系)。例如：
① This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
② We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
③After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
④More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
⑤The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
1、現(xiàn)在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞后面與名詞或代詞構成復合賓語，作賓語補語的成分。例如：
① On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
② The boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
③ We should not leave him wondering what he should do.
④ I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
⑤ I caught him doing something else in class.
2、過去分詞可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge動詞等后面作賓語補足語。例如：
① You should keep her informed of what is going on here.
② I expected you well prepared for the examination.
3、在動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補語,也可用不定式做補語。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行,用不定式表示的動作的全過程已經完成。例如：
① I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
② I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.
③—Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
—Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
分詞作表語通?？醋餍稳菰~來用。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人。
1.The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it.
2.His response to the question was quite disappointing. I really felt disappointed at his response.
